R茅sum茅s and Cover Letters Frequently Asked Questions
We鈥檙e happy to answer your questions about how to create a great r茅sum茅. We also encourage you to schedule an appointment for a r茅sum茅 review with one of our career counselors.
Most recent graduates should confine their r茅sum茅s to one page. Those with extensive professional experience, especially in education, nursing or social work, may need to use part of a second page. If your r茅sum茅 goes to a second page, make sure your margins are not too wide (no more than 1鈥 left and right and as little as 1/2鈥 top and bottom). If the headings are on the left, stack the words (e.g. 鈥淭eaching鈥 with 鈥淓xperience鈥 under it, rather than next to it). If your r茅sum茅 runs over a little bit, don鈥檛 worry鈥攜our counselor will be able to help you reduce it to one page without losing anything important.
Name: Start with your NAME (we suggest upper case bold for name only), and complete contact information (address, phone, and email address).
Certifications: List professional certifications or licenses with dates received.
Education: Summarize your education in reverse order, starting with your last degree or the one you are working on now. Include school name, city, state, degree, major, date degree was鈥搊r will be鈥揷onferred, and honors. Include GPA only if 3.0 or higher.
Courses: To tailor your r茅sum茅 to a specific job, you may include a list of 鈥渞elevant courses.鈥 This also fills space if you have little experience.
Honors/Awards/Activities: Use one or more categories as appropriate, highlighting achievements such as scholarships, Dean鈥檚 List, leadership roles in clubs, campus/community organizations, sports, etc.
Research: If applicable, you may include special projects or research, highlighting significant relevant classroom learning experiences: research projects, independent study, special presentations and major papers.
Experience: Your experience, regardless of how you acquired it (full time or part time jobs, internships, community or college service) is usually of the greatest interest to the reader. For each position, include the following: job title with dates of employment, employer, city, state. You can emphasize (put first) either the employers or the job titles, but be consistent. Describe your responsibilities, duties and accomplishments, preferably using a list format with bullets.
Skills: Special skills are also of great interest to employers. Indicate computer hardware and software knowledge, foreign languages fluency or technical skills. If you have several of each, use separate categories.
Interests: List interests only if you are very knowledgeable in that area.
Affiliations: List professional or volunteer affiliations/memberships (if applicable). Include any offices held.
The headings on your r茅sum茅 function like the headlines in the newspaper. They can focus the reader on where certain information is located, give a summary of content, and catch the reader鈥檚 interest. If you glance at a r茅sum茅 with a section heading Honors and Awards, you will reasonably assume this candidate has received honors and awards and that may motivate you to read this r茅sum茅. Since almost every employer wants people with computer skills, some may scan a pile of r茅sum茅s for those with Computer Skills in bold headline type.
The exact heading you choose is important and allows you to tailor your r茅sum茅, placing the most important experiences first. If you have worked in your field, name the field in your heading (e.g., Social Work Experience or Marketing Experience). Work in related fields can be headed Related Experience. If the work is not related to your objective but you want to include it, call it Other Experience or use the name of that field. Fieldwork, Volunteer Activities, Summer Employment or Internships are other possible headings. If you include only some of your jobs, you can call it Selected Experience. Place the major categories so that the most relevant information is placed early on the r茅sum茅 (top two-thirds of the first page).
滨苍肠濒耻诲别听no personal information: age, health, marital status, height, weight, religion.
Never use the first person 鈥淚鈥 nor should you use any sentences. Eliminate all unneeded words (a, the).
Never lie or exaggerate.
Add to the eye appeal of your r茅sum茅 by varying the typeface for emphasis:聽bold, underline,聽italic, UPPER CASE, etc. (Use italics for emphasis only (perhaps your job title), never for the entire r茅sum茅.) Use an attractive legible typeface such as Times or Arial, not an old-fashioned font such as Courier.
Use 鈥渂ullets鈥 (鈥 路 -) for listing items under a heading description, such as Experience.
Proofread carefully. Grammatical, content and typographical errors may eliminate you immediately from consideration for an interview. Ask others to proofread the r茅sum茅 as well.
The successful r茅sum茅 is one that results in interviews.聽Does yours present you as an accomplished person? Is it easy to read, pleasing to the eye, devoid of all errors, current, honest?聽
Most recent graduates don鈥檛 need one. Include an objective聽only聽if it is very specific, unique, or necessary to clarify your job target. The objective is already clear with certifications (e.g., teachers) or majors (e.g., nursing). Some candidates may want to tailor the job objective for a specific job application. Be sure your objective addresses what聽you聽can do for the employer, not what the employer can do for you. Employers will not be impressed with 鈥渆ntry level,鈥 and most will not care that you want a 鈥渃hallenging鈥 position or one that 鈥減rovides career growth.鈥 They do care about additional skills or experience beyond the basic qualifications. Remember that your job target will be addressed very specifically聽in your cover letter. Candidates with several years of professional experience and skills related to the job may prefer to use a Summary or Profile in place of an objective.
Usually, most applicants for a particular job have the same degrees and similar work histories. The people who get the interviews are those who convey on their r茅sum茅s that they have personally done many of the things that need to be done and have demonstrated the needed skills.聽Claiming聽that you have a skill is not as convincing as聽demonstrating聽how you have used the skill.
Use聽action verbs聽to describe your duties and accomplishments, depicting yourself as someone who gets the job done: one who 鈥渃reated鈥 published鈥 solved鈥 鈥 not one who merely 鈥減articipated in鈥 or was 鈥渞esponsible for.鈥 Avoid using 鈥渁ssisted鈥 鈥 say聽what you did. Vary the vocabulary. For present jobs use present tense verbs and for past jobs use past tense.
Emphasize skills and聽experience related to the jobyou want and the employer鈥檚 needs.
When describing your experience, use聽detailed descriptions that give the reader a picture of you聽as an individual聽(鈥淎dapted lesson on dinosaurs to learning styles of autistic children鈥) rather than vague descriptions that make you sound like everyone else (鈥淔ollowed the curriculum of cooperating teacher鈥).
Avoid self-serving and subjective descriptions. Do include聽occupation-specific words related to the job, especially if r茅sum茅 will be scanned for an electronic r茅sum茅 bank.
Quantify accomplishments by citing numbers, dollars, percentages, etc., where appropriate.
A CV is a special type of r茅sum茅 traditionally used within the academic community and sometimes in the medical and legal fields. It is useful not only for a job search but also for tenure review, grant applications, fellowships or consulting. Academic hiring is frequently a long process done by a committee. Thus the CV may be reviewed by many individuals.
The CV need not be confined to one page, like the typical business r茅sum茅, nor does it have to be any longer than necessary to highlight your strengths and achievements. It generally includes degrees, teaching and research experience, publications, presentations and related activities. When applying for positions outside of academia, a r茅sum茅 will represent you better than a CV. The details of your teaching and research will probably be of less interest to the reader. Converting your CV to a r茅sum茅 will usually require major revisions.
Like your r茅sum茅, your CV is a work in progress. Instead of merely keeping it current, you should delete things that no longer relate to your objective, create new categories to show your achievements and reorganize sections to emphasize strengths related to the job you seek.